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[英文学习] 英语单词发音规则

Jan 31st, 2008

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英语单词发音规则开闭音节的概念

开音节
1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节. 例：be,he.
2）以辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节. 例：make,like.
* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音.

闭音节
以一个或几个辅音字母（r 除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,称为闭音节.例：map,desk,is.
* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音.

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母		读音	例词
a	在开音节中	[ei]	name plane Jane baby cake
a	在闭音节中	[æ]	bag dad hat map black back
e	在开音节中	[i:]	he these me Chinese
e	在闭音节中	[e]	bed let pen desk yes egg
i	在开音节中	[ai]	bike fly drive time nice kite
i	在闭音节中	[i]	fish big drink sit milk swim
o	在开音节中	[ou]	those close go hoe home no
o	在闭音节中	[C]	clock not box shop sock
u	在开音节中	[ju:]	student excuse duty Tuesday
u	在闭音节中	[Λ]	bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如：June blue ruler super

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母	读音	例词
a在[w]音后面	[C]	want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前	[α:]	after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前	[ai]	find child light high
o在-st -ld前	[ou]	most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前	[Λ]	come monkey love mother

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母	读音	例词
a	[E]E	China another woman breakfast
a	[i]	orange comrade village cabbage
e	[E]	hundred student open weekend
e	[i]	chicken pocket begin children
i	[E]/[i]	holiday beautiful family animal
i	[ai]	exercise satellite
o	[E]	second tonight somebody welcome
o	[Eu]	also zero photo
u	[E]	autumn difficult
u	[ju:]	popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如：operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如：July influence February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作[i]音.

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组	读音	例词
ar ar在[w]音后面	[α:]	car farm dark sharpener
ar ar在[w]音后面	[C:]	warm quarter towards
or or在[w]音后面	[C:]	forty morning short
or or在[w]音后面	[E:]	word worker worse
er ir ur	[E:]	certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如： carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组	读音	例词
are	[εE]	care dare hare
ere	[iE]	here mere
ire	[aiE]	fire hire wire
ure	[juE]	pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如：picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音. 例如：parent zero story during inspirng
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象. 例如：orange very American paragraph

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组	读音	例词
ai/ay	[ei]	afraid rain wait day play
air	[εE]	air hair chair pair repair
alal在f m前	[C]	small ball talk wall all
	[C:l]	always also salt almost
	[α:]	half calm
au/aw	[C:]	autumn daughter draw
ea	[i:]	teach easy cheap please
	[e]	heavy bread sweater weather
	[ei]	break great
ear	[iE]	hear dear near clear year
	[εE]	bear pear wear swear
	[E:]	earth learn early
ee	[i:]	jeep week green three
eer	[iE]	pioneer deer beer
ei/ey	[ei]	eight neighbour they
ei/ey	[i:]	either key
eu/ew在 j l r s后	[ju:]	new few newspaper
eu/ew在 j l r s后	[u:]	flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后	[i:]	piece field receive
oa	[ou]	coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor	[C:]	roar board door floor
oi/oy	[Ci]	noise point boy toilet
oo	[u:]	broom food tooth school
oo	[u]	book look cook foot good
ou/ow	[au]	flower house count down
	[ou]	know row throw though
	[Λ]	young country enough
	[u:]	group you soup
our	[C:]	course your four
	[auE]	our hour ours
	[E:]	journey
ui 在j l r s后	[ju:i]	fluid suicide tuition
ui 在j l r s后	[u:]	juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群	读音	例词
ai/ay ei/ey	[i]	Sunday foreign monkey
ow	[ou]	yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]. 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion	[Fn]	impression nation
-sion在元音字母后	[Vn]	vision decision occasion
-tion在s后	[tFEn]	question suggestion
-sten	[sn]	listen
-stle	[sl]	whistle
-sure	[VE]	pleasure measure
-ture	[tFE]	picture culture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.
例如：
　　everyday[ei] handbag[æ] 　 blackboard[C:]

　　有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.
例如：
　　sun太阳 + day[ei]日子＞ Sunday[i] 星期天
　　holy神圣 + day[ei]日子＞ holiday[i] 假日
　　break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒＞ breakfast[E] 早餐
　　cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞ cupboard[E] 碗柜

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组	读音	例词
b	[b]	bike bus bag
b	[/]	bomb tomb
c c在e前或在i/y前	[k]	cake picture coat music
c c在e前或在i/y前	[s]	face decide cinema
ch	[tF]	much chick rich teacher
	[k]	school headache chemistry
	[F]	machine
-ck	[k]	cock pocket black knock
d	[d]	doctor bread hand day
-dge	[dV]	bridge fridge
dr-	[dr]	children driver drink
f	[f]	five four breakfast
g g在e i/y前	[^]	bag garden go
g g在e i/y前	[dV]	orange large German
gh	[f]	cough enough
gh	[/]	light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中	[^]	guess league dialogue
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中	[^w]	language anguish
h	[h]	hot head house hand
h	[/]	hour honest
j	[dV]	jeep jar joke join July
k	[k]	kind bike skate make week
kn-	[n]	knife know knock
l	[l]	life milk school tall
m	[m]	monkey come autumn
-mn	[m]	autumn column solemn
n n在[k] [g]音前	[n]	not shine ten note
n n在[k] [g]音前	[N]	uncle thank hungry
-ng	[N]	morning young wrong
p	[p]	paper plane pig ship pen
ph	[f]	elephant photo telephone
q	[k]	Iraq
qu-	[kw]	quality quite
r	[r]	red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前	[s]	sit sleep desk
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前	[z]	music husband
sc-	[sk]	scarlet
sc-	[s]	muscle science
sh	[F]	she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前	[t]	ten letter meet
t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前	[F]	patient nation
tch	[tF]	watch
th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the -ther中	[θ]	thin thirty method
	[T]	the these with than
	[T]	clothe fathe r weather
tr-	[tr]	tree train country truck
v	[v]	very voice love leave
w	[w]	week win wake sweet wait
w	[/]	Answer two
wh- wh-在字母o前	[w]	what when white why
wh- wh-在字母o前	[h]	who whose whole
x 在重读元音前	[ks]	box text exercise
x 在重读元音前	[gz]	example exist exact
wr-	[r]	write
y-	[j]	yes yard yellow young
z	[z]	puzzle zero zoo